BELMOUMENE, M. F.; BIN MOHD NOR, M. R. . دور الدين في تاريخ الحضارات عند ابن خلدون، ومالك بن نبي، وأرنولد توينبي: (The Role of Religion in the History of Civilizations in the View of Ibn Khaldūn, Mālik bin Nabi, and Arnold Toynbee). Online Journal of Research in Islamic Studies, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 1, p. 143–154, 2025. DOI: 10.22452/ris.vol12no1.9. Disponível em: http://jupidi.um.edu.my/index.php/RIS/article/view/51558. Acesso em: 1 jul. 2025.