RELIGIOUS MINORITIES, ISLAM AND THE LAW: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA BY AL KHANIF. LONDON: ROUTLEDGE, 2021, 232 PAGES, $29.13, ISBN 9781000168563 BOOK REVIEW
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Abstract
Freedom of religion is one of the basic human rights that cannot be lessened under any circumstances in Indonesia. Therefore, the state of Indonesia ensures that all citizens have the right to have a religion or belief of their choice, as well as the freedom to practice the religion or belief in public (Fatmawati, 2011; Smith et al., 2008. Arifin, 2019, p. 6). As a result of the philosophy known as Pancasila (Five Principles), which serves as the fundamental basis and source of law in Indonesian law, which is one of the distinctive qualities of Indonesian law, the legal system of Indonesia is also sometimes referred to as the legal system of Pancasila. According to Oemar Seno Adji (1980, pp. 24-25), the Pancasila philosophy significantly emphasises protecting religious liberty. This right is reflected in the First Precepts of Pancasila, which recognise God Almighty, and because it is everyone's right to choose, embrace, and practice their religious teachings freely without experiencing interference and also without disturbing other parties, everyone must respect religion and the beliefs of other people in Indonesia, according to the findings of a number of researchers (Arifin, 2019; Aprita & Hasyim, 2020; Acharya, 2011). Over many years, religious minorities in Indonesia have regularly been subjected to difficulties, restrictions, and pressure and have even been attacked violently. This is true from both an international and domestic perspective regarding human rights. Acknowledging this issue is a significant aspect of this book's overall contribution to the ongoing conversation about the rights of religious minorities.
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